Nitrogen Review Exercise
Nitrogen Physiological Effects and Hazards
1. The most critical effect associated with a nitrogen exposures is (are)
a. Tumor induction
b. Asphyxiation
c. Cirrhosis of the liver
d. All the above
2. O2 deprivation effects resulting from elevated nitrogen levels include which of the following?
a. Strength impairment
b. Judgement
c. Coordination
d. All of the above
3. Which of the following are correct statements regarding nitrogen-induced asphyxiation?
a. There is no warning prior to being overcome
b. Nitrogen rapidly overcomes the victim
c. O2 deficient atmospheres may exist immediately outside a confined space especially if the space has nitrogen in it under pressure
d. All the above
e. b and c
4. The most likely physiological effect from exposure to liquid nitrogen is
a. No effect
b. Thermal burn
c. Severe frostbite
d. None of the above
5. The DOT label code for nitrogen is 2.2. This means that nitrogen is a
a. Flammable gas
b. Non-flammable, non-toxic gas
c. Toxic gas
d. a or b depending on the state of origin
6.What risks can negative side effects can quickly occur if there is exposure in a confined space?
a. Tingling sensation in the extremities
b. Asphyxiation
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Rash
7. According to the Parker Hannifin Corporation safety data sheet, which of the following exposure methods require first aid measures in regard to nitrogen gas exposure?
a. Ingestion
b. Inhalation
c. Skin contact
d. Eye contact
e. b, c, and d
f. All of the above
8. Which are symptoms of exposure to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere?
a. Dizziness
b. Salivation
c. Nausea
d. Vomiting
e. Loss of mobility/consciousness
f. All of the above
9. What rating do the NFPA and HMIS systems assign to the health effects of nitrogen?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
10. Is this rating given by NFPA and HMIS systems near the top or bottom of the scale in terms of hazard to human health?
11. The Air Products Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for nitrogen notes that asphyxiation may occur with little to no warning.
a. True
b. False
12. An atmosphere of only 4 to 6 percent oxygen causes the victim to fall into a coma in approximately how many seconds?
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 90
13. How soon must oxygen be administered to a victim in order to offer a chance of survival?
a. A few minutes
b. Half an hour
c. An hour
Gaseous Nitrogen Properties
14. The molecular weight of nitrogen is 28 g/mol. In the event of a container failure and the release of liquid nitrogen 100% concentration, it would be reasonable to expect the nitrogen gas to:
a. Seek out the lowest points in the facility
b. Rise to the highest points
c. Be dispersed throughout the area
15. Which of the following are characteristics of nitrogen?
a. Colorless
b. Odorless
c. Chemically unreactive/inert
d. All of the above
e. a and b
16. Combination of nitrogen with halogens and sulfur gives rise to very explosive compounds including
a. Halogen azides
b. Sulfur nitride
c. Both of the above
17. Nitrogen is the main constituent of air comprising ____% of air
a. 62
b. 93
c. 78
18. Nitrogen changes from a gas to a liquid at ______ degrees F
a. 32
b. 100
c. -320
d. -460
19. At a constant temperature, the volume of a given quantity of any gas varies inversely as the pressure to which it is subjected is a statement of:
a. Avogadro’s Law
b. Boyle’s Law
c. Charles’ Law
d. Graham’s Law
20. Which of these statements are true?
a. A gas is a substance that boils between absolute zero and ambient temperature
b. A vapor is formed from evaporating liquids
c. A fume is formed from molten metal or welding
d. All of the above
21. What is the composite molecular weight of air?
a. 8
b. 18
c. 25
d. 29
22. A _____ is usually shipped at higher pressure at 70℉ in heavy steel cylinders.
a. Gas
b. Fume
c. Vapor
d. Non-liquified gas
23. The scientific definition of a gas is a material that boils between _____ and _____ degrees ℉.
a. Absolute zero, 0
b. Absolute zero, 80
c. 0, 32
d. 32, 100
24. Nitrogen is a(n) _____ gas
a. Toxic
b. Inert
c. Flammable
25. Gaseous nitrogen is typically stored in
a. High-pressure tube trailers
b. Plastic cylinders
c. Plexiglass tube trailers
26. What happens to nitrogen when it's exposed to high temperatures?
a. It shrinks
b. It expands
c. Nothing happens
27. What QVL (grade) in nitrogen is specified for general industrial usage, inerting, and heat treatment applications?
a. R
b. B
c. M
d. L
28. What is the nitrogen min. % for QVL grade B?
a. 98.3%
b. 27.5%
c. 99.0%
d. 99.998%
29. Nitrogen has an odor
a. True
b. False
30. What is the odor threshold for nitrogen?
31. If a nitrogen leak were to occur, would the leak most probably be found:
a. At the ceiling
b. At the floor
c. Dispersed throughout the room
32. At what temperature does nitrogen auto ignite?
33. Nitrogen is likely to cause ground pollution.
a. True
b. False
34. Which of the following can be contacted to determine proper methods of disposal for nitrogen gas?
a. Local environmental agency
b. State environmental agency
c. Provincial environmental agency
d. Federal environmental agency
e. All of the above
35. Have you been trained to recognize the hazards associated with gaseous nitrogen?
36. Who provided the training?
37.Which of the following hazard pictures is associated with nitrogen?
Liquid Nitrogen Properties
38. Satisfactory materials for use with liquid nitrogen include
a. 18-8 stainless steel
b. Copper
c. Monel
d. Brass
e. Aluminum
f. Carbon steel
g. a-e
39. Appropriate clothing for use with liquid nitrogen includes which of the following?
a. Non-absorbent loose-fitting leather gloves that can be easily removed if liquid should splash onto, or into them.
b. Non-woven materials to minimize becoming saturated with cold liquid.
c. Goggles and face shields to protect the eyes and face where spraying or splashing of liquid may occur.
d. Overalls, or similar clothing made without open pockets or turn-ups where liquid could collect and worn outside boots.
e. All of the above
40. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.151(c) requires an eyewash and safety shower be in close proximity to storage and handling locations for injurious corrosive chemicals. This standard then requires an eyewash and safety shower be located in close proximity to the storage and handling areas for liquid nitrogen.
a. True
b. False
41. If liquid nitrogen enters an enclosed flask that is then warmed to room temperature, it could vaporize and in doing so would expand 696:1 possibly resulting in an over-pressurization of the flask and a subsequent explosion.
a. True
b. False
42. The cold boil-off vapor of cryogenic liquids rapidly freezes human tissue. Most metals become stronger upon exposure to cold temperatures, but materials such as carbon steel, plastics and rubber become brittle or even fracture under stress at these temperatures.
a. True
b. False
43. Atmospheric air that comes into contact with the outside of a pipe or metal surface that is at or below liquid nitrogen’s boiling point (-320F) may condense into a liquid. Since O2 has a higher boiling point (-297F) than the N2 in the air, the condensed air may be
a. O2 enriched
b. O2 deficient
c. In a vacuum
d. Pressurized
44. If you chewed frozen graham crackers and then emitted “smoke” from your mouth and nostrils it was the result of
a. Cigarette smoke the instructor had previously inhaled being crystallized and expunged by the LN2
b. Exponential warming of the carbohydrates in the crackers
c. Frozen water vapor emitted from the instructor’s mouth and nostrils
d. Nitrogen gas becoming visible after contacting saliva in the instructor’s mouth and being released as a vapor
45. Immersing a rose into a dewar of LN2 and then crushing it by hand is indicative of the risks of LN2 to
a. Quickly freeze human tissue
b. Allow frozen human tissue to be shattered
c. Both of the above
46. If a frozen tennis ball shattered and emitted a loud bang when thrown against the floor, it was the result of the
a. Impact of the frozen ball striking the floor
b. Expansion of the air inside the ball when it struck the floor
c. Both of the above
47. If LN2 were tossed across the floor and gathered the dust from the floor and deposited it at the wall it was an indication of
a. The new FDA and JHAC standards for cleanliness measurements
b. The ability of LN2 to solidify dust and move it in the direction that it was flowing
c. Neither of the above
d. ________ (fill in the blank)
48. Cooking an egg to a hard-boiled state in LN2 and then shattering it and then watching it return to a liquid state demonstrates that LN2
a. Can freeze and then allow the frozen materials to be shattered
b. Eggs are one class of material not susceptible to being permanently altered by LN2 exposure
c. Both the above
d. Neither the above
49. A match re-ignited into a flame from an ember when exposed to the condensation on the outside of the metal cup containing LN2 is the result of
a. LN2 being ignitable under specific conditions
b. O2 in the air being frozen and since it has a boiling point less than of N2, sliding down the cup and contacting the ember of the match
c. Neither of the above
50. Placing the LN2 into a metal tube, inserting a rubber stopper, then activating the spark plug before the rubber stopper was ejected, is possible due to
a. Ignition of the N2 by the spark plug
b. Rapid expansion of the N2 in the tube and an increased pressure above atmospheric in the tube
c. Both the above
d. Neither of the above
51. Freezing an orange and banana and then using them to drive a 16d nail into a 2 x 4 is an example of LN2’s ability to make solid and liquid objects rigid.
a. True
b. False
52. Cryogenic liquids have a boiling point below ___ ℉.
a. 212
b. 32
c. 0
d. -150
53. A _____ will not recondense into a liquid except at very low temperatures
54. When liquified gases under pressure are released they can
a. Vaporize rapidly and cool to temperatures that can cause frostbite
b. Cause an explosion
c. Vaporize slowly and will take time before affecting employees
d. Vaporize slowly and then explode
55. Recommended materials for transporting liquid nitrogen are
a. 18-8 stainless steel
b. Nickel-chromium alloys
c. Copper
d. All of the above
56. Have you been trained to recognize the hazards associated with liquid nitrogen?
57. Who provided the training?
Respirator Use
58. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used in instances where exposure levels are not known.
a. True
b. False
59. What type of respiratory protection equipment does the safety data sheet supplied by Air Products specify to be used in an oxygen deficient environment?
60. Air-purifying respirators will provide protection in an oxygen deficient environment.
a. True
b. False
61. Are persons who use breathing apparatus required to be trained by the OSHA standards?
a. Yes
b. No
62. What does a comprehensive management system for supplied air include?
a. Continuous monitoring of air supply
b. Routine inspection and replacement of supplied-air hoses
c. Restriction of vehicular traffic in the area of supply hoses
d. All of the above
63. When using supplied air, a worker should carry a small backup cylinder/escape pack, attached to a different supplied-air system, with enough breathing air to last how many minutes?
a. 1 to 2 minutes
b. 5 to 10 minutes
c. 20 to 30 minutes
Nitrogen Workplace Incidents
64. According to CSB data, over 60% of workplace fatalities and injuries from breathing nitrogen- enriched air involved victims who were working in or next to a confined space.
a. True
b. False
65. What percent of fatalities from CSB data were due to attempts to rescue injured persons in confined spaces?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 10
d. 20
66. Data shows that employees and contractors are often both victims of nitrogen asphyxiation in the workplace
a. True
b. False
67. 13 percent of nitrogen asphyxiation incidents involved maintenance activities
a. True
b. False
68. 14 percent of nitrogen asphyxiation incidents involved trenches and manholes.
a. True
b. False
69. There were 85 nitrogen-related accidents in the U.S. from 1992—2002 documented by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board that resulted in the deaths of 80 persons.
a. True
b. False
Nitrogen Cylinders
70. What is a requirement for nitrogen gas cylinders?
71. Nitrogen cylinders should be stored in a:
a. Cool, dry place
b. Warm, dry place
c. Cool, damp place
d. Warm, damp place
72. What is the maximum amount of time a nitrogen cylinder should be stored for?
a. 2 weeks
b. 1 month
c. 6 months
d. 1 year
e. 3 years
73. How large of a container can nitrogen be shipped in?
a. 100 mL
b. 125 mL
c. 550 mL
d. 1 L
e. 1350 mL
74. What is the maximum gross mass vessel in which nitrogen can be shipped?
a. 30 kg
b. 100 kg